classical electromagnetic radiation solutions manual marion pdf

The survey follows the historical development of physics, culminating in the use of four-vector relativity to fully integrate electricity with magnetism. Starting with a brief review of static electricity and magnetism, the treatment advances to examinations of multipole fields, the equations of Laplace and Poisson, dynamic electromagnetism, electromagnetic waves, reflection and refraction, and waveguides. Subsequent chapters explore retarded potentials and fields and radiation by charged particles; antennas; classical electron theory; interference and coherence; scalar diffraction theory and the Fraunhofer limit; Fresnel diffraction and the transition to geometrical optics; and relativistic electrodynamics. A basic knowledge of vector calculus and Fourier analysis is assumed, and several helpful appendices supplement the text. An extensive Solutions Manual is also available. Read More Publisher: Dover Publications Released: Apr 22, 2013 ISBN: 9780486283425 Format: Book Bibliographical Note This Dover edition, first published in 2012, is a corrected, unabridged republication of the work first published in 1995 by Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia. The first and second editions were published in 1965 and 1980, respectively. Mark A. Heald has provided a new Introduction to this Dover edition. The authors present a very accessible macroscopic view of classical electromagnetic that emphasizes integrating electromagnetic theory with physical optics. The survey follows the historical development of physics, culminating in the use of four-vector relativity to fully integrate electricity with magnetism — Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. An extensive Solutions Manual is also available, providing a Volume II of the text. A website with updated references and other related material can be found at: Mark A.

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The solutions areThe SM is a major pedagogicalIt is recommended for all readers, especially those using the book forDover website. Scroll down to the end of Product. Description and click on the link. (Depending on your. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Register a free business account To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Some features of WorldCat will not be available.By continuing to use the site, you are agreeing to OCLC’s placement of cookies on your device. Find out more here. Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this WorldCat.org search. OCLC’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus issues in their communities.However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. Please enter recipient e-mail address(es). Please re-enter recipient e-mail address(es). Please enter your name. Please enter the subject. Please enter the message. Author: Jerry B Marion; Mark A HealdPlease select Ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway. All rights reserved. You can easily create a free account. The authors present a very accessible macroscopic view of classical electromagnetics that emphasizes integrating electromagnetic theory with physical optics.

A number of topics are new or expanded in this edition, including the magnetic Ohm’s law, the Maxwell stress tensor, optical-fiber waveguides, the time-dependent generalizations of the Coulomb and Biot-Savart laws, antenna directivity, Fresnel zones, and Gaussian beams and laser resonators. The emphasis is on the physics, but with careful attention to the mathematical apparatus with which the physics is described. In the interest of brevity the book adopts a basically macroscopic view of electrodynamics. Nevertheless, Chapter 10 presents the classical electron theory and surveys the connections between macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of matter. The subject of electrodynamics is intimately connected with the theory of relativity. But, historically, essentially all the classical results had been worked out before the development of special relativity, and indeed these investigations paved the way for the construction of relativity theory. It is possible to treat electrodynamics by first postulating special relativity and then deriving deductively many of the results that were originally obtained from experiment in the pre-relativity era. Because of the abstractness of four-vectors and Lorentz transformations, we have chosen to stay with the more-or-less historical development, with emphasis on phenomenology, and then at the end to show that relativity provides a beautiful formal unification of the subject. Historical footnotes throughout are intended to illuminate the development of electromagnetic theory as a human enterprise. References to other books for supplementary reading have been systematically updated throughout the text, with a comprehensive Bibliography provided at the back of the book. A number of contemporary journal articles (including some 80 from the 1990s) are also cited in the text, to provide accessible extensions of the discussion and to show that this classical field still produces new applications and interpretations.

Heald January 2012 Preface This textbook attempts to fill a special niche in the undergraduate curriculum, lying between a one-semester junior-year course in electromagnetism and the canonical first-year-graduate course. The former might be based on one of the excellent texts by Griffiths (Gr89), Reitz-Milford-Christy (Re93), Lorrain-Corson-Lorrain (Lo88), and others. The latter is identified with Jackson (Ja75). Sufficient preparation can also come from a strong advanced-track introductory sequence, probably using the unique text by Purcell (Pu85). The book should be useful for review and self-study by persons with a good background in the fundamentals. In keeping with the Purcell-Jackson tradition, we have chosen to work in Gaussian units. In this edition considerable effort has been made to footnote the SI form of important equations. The intention is to help the student become bilingual in the two systems and learn to appreciate the respective advantages. Chapter 1 provides a swift review of static electricity and magnetism, including the phenomena of polarization and magnetization and the auxiliary fields D and H. This chapter would be heavy going for a student who does not already have a good foundation with this material. The remainder of the book focuses on topics that tend to get short shrift in intermediate-level courses, while not intruding on the topics that form the core of the graduate course. Most notably, the chosen topics are related to radiation and the connections between electromagnetic waves and physical optics. But they also include such items as the multipole expansion and its relation to spherical and cylindrical harmonics, and the skin effect for alternating current in wires.

In Chapter 4 we shall treat time-varying electromagnetic fields and arrive at the four partial differential equations—Maxwell’s equations—which give a full description of the classical behavior of electromagnetic fields. The remainder of the book is concerned primarily with radiation problems. To describe electromagnetism, we use four vector fields: E.But in the study of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with the fundamental constituents of matter (atoms, molecules, electrons, etc.), the Gaussian system of units is commonly preferred and is used in this book. The Gaussian system is an amalgam of two 19th-century systems: electric quantities are measured in electrostatic units (esu) and magnetic quantities are measured in electromagnetic units (emu). To read the physics literature, one must be bilingual in these two systems. Each provides distinctive insights into the physics. The Gaussian system retains popularity because factors of the speed of light c 0, while hiding the factors of c, have the perverse virtue of forcing the user to face up to the distinction between the fundamental and auxiliary fields (e.g., B vs. H ). SI is the system of legal metrology. It regards the ampere as a fourth fundamental unit along with the meter, kilogram, and second (MKSA). This convention makes dimensional analysis easier than with the Gaussian units, in which the electromagnetic dimensions are fractional powers of the centimeter, gram, and second (CGS—see Problem 1-1). The force on a test charge q defines the electric field vector according to Thus coulomb’s field law due to a source charge q.That is, the principle of superposition applies, and the field due to a number of charges is just the vector sum of the individual fields. Were it not for this property, the analysis of electromagnetic phenomena would be exceedingly difficult. The notation required to express superposition is a little cumbersome.

Special attention has been given to the problem sets, which have been substantially revised. Students will likely find the problems to be more challenging than in their previous textbooks. Many problems lead the student to develop additional material or to apply the theory to topics of contemporary interest. Because most of the problems are nontrivial, a comprehensive Solutions Manual is available. This provides a major supplement to the text proper, and readers are encouraged to make use of it. Jerry Marion died prematurely in 1981, shortly after the Second Edition was published. Jerry was a prolific writer of rare skill. In preparing this Third Edition, I have rewritten or extended about one-third of the text, while attempting to preserve Jerry’s high standards of clarity and organization. I gratefully acknowledge helpful contributions by William Doyle, William Elmore, David Griffiths, Louis Hand, Oleg Jefimenko, William Lichten, Richard Wolfson, and Robert Zwicker, and the assistance of Swarthmore College. Mark A. Heald November 1994 Fundamentals of Static Electromagnetism In this book we shall be concerned mainly with radiation phenomena associated with electromagnetic fields. We shall study the generation of electromagnetic waves, the propagation of these waves in space, and their interaction with matter of various forms. The fundamental equations that govern all of these processes are Maxwell’s equations. These are a set of partial differential equations that describe the space and time behavior of the electromagnetic field vectors. In Chapters 2 and 3 we shall discuss two topics that are usually not considered at great length in introductory accounts of electromagnetism— multipole analysis and solutions of Laplace’s equation —because these subjects are of importance in radiation phenomena.

We are fortunate that atoms are small enough and Avogadro’s number is big enough, so that it is possible to choose an in-between size that is simultaneously negligibly small on the macroscopic scale and yet contains a large, statistically representative sample of atoms within it. The electrical behavior of materials distinguishes between insulators and conductors, a distinction considered further in Chapter 4. For the present we consider the nonconducting limit, materials consisting of electrically neutral atoms or molecules with no mobile charge carriers. This phenomenon arises from two different microscopic processes, both of which are described in the same way macroscopically. Microscopic Description (1) Symmetrical molecules with no intrinsic electric dipole moment are stretched by the applied field to acquire an induced dipole moment, aligned with the applied field. (2) Molecules with an intrinsic dipole moment, called polar molecules, are preferentially oriented in the direction of the applied field. In the absence of the applied field, thermal agitation randomizes the orientation of the polar molecules, and there is no net alignment along a preferred direction (except in the special case of ferroelectric materials). These two possibilities are illustrated schematically in Fig. 1-2. The latter process is temperature-dependent, while the former is not. Polar molecules are also subject to the stretching of the first process, although usually the orientational process produces a larger effect. These microscopic descriptions are discussed further in Chapter 10. (The H2O molecule is famous for its anomalously large intrinsic dipole moment.) FIGURE 1-2. Molecules subject to electric field. Macroscopic Description The polarized material is described by its net (vector) electric dipole moment per unit volume, known as the polarization P.

We invoke the in-between scale of size to average out the randomness and granularity of the individual molecules, while yet being able to regard P ( r ) as a continuous function of position within the medium. Let the dimension d be large enough that each cell contains a statistically valid sample of individual molecules, but small enough to be of negligible size on the macroscopic scale.Then, by a Taylor expansion, By a straightforward generalization, we establish that the molecular dipoles, when smoothed over averaging cells of dimension d, are equivalent to a volume charge density Note that regarding P ( r ) as a continuous function of position is only a pragmatic limit because of the fundamental molecular discreteness. The earlier, microscopic statement of Gauss’ law, Eq. (1.10), depends upon the total charge density including that due to polarization. Our derivation of the macroscopic form of Gauss’ law, Eq. (1.29), is rigorous only for the fields E and D outside the dielectric material (by distances greater than the in-between averaging dimension d )—that is, where there is no distinction between a microscopic and macroscopic description. We address this subtle question of averaging the fields inside a material medium in Problem 1-10 and in Chapter 10. Experimentally it is found that for a large class of materials P is linearly proportional to E, at least for field strengths that are not too great. Hence, we may write e is the electric susceptibility of the medium. In most practical situations the free charges are outside the dielectric (e.g., on the conducting plates of a dielectric-filled capacitor). At the physical boundary of a dielectric sample, the polarization P drops sharply to zero, and Eq. (1.25) is not applicable. The surface charge labeled q ? in Fig. 1-3 is no longer neutralized by the opposite charge on an adjacent averaging cell. Equation (1.23) shows that q ?

If there is more than one source charge producing the E field, then we must deal with two overlaid coordinate systems: one to express the location of the charges and one to express the location of the point where the field is being evaluated. As shown in Fig. 1-1, we will let the primed radius vector r.Thus the vector distance from a particular source charge to a field point is ( r.Now, if a charge q is enclosed by a Gaussian surface S (of arbitrary shape), the flux of E through this closed surface turns out to be equal to 4? times the enclosed charge. Applications are given in Problems 1-4 through 1-8. A vector field, such as E, is often pictorialized by drawing lines of force or field-lines, which are continuous curves everywhere parallel to the local direction of the field. Consider a set of field-lines that form the walls of a thin tubular region of space. Gauss’ law shows that this construction is properly called a flux tube, and that the tube necessarily begins on positive charge and ends on negative charge. That is, a field-line is simply the limiting form of a flux tube of negligible cross section. We may convert the integral relation of Eq. (1.6) into a differential relation as follows. That is, the line integral from one point to another is independent of path (see Problem 1-9).The scalar derivative operator div grad is more commonly written as ??, known as the Laplacian operator. Thus we have Poisson’s equation, which expresses the physical content of Coulomb’s law as a second-order differential equation for the scalar potential. It is important to realize that the potential.It turns out to be convenient in most cases to define the potential to be zero at infinity (but see Problem 1-5). The potential of a distribution of point charges is obtained by superposition. In contrast to the vector sum of Eq. (1.4), the superposed potential is a scalar sum. There are two distinct strategies for doing this.

One is first to superpose the E fields of the source charges, and then to perform the integral of Eq. (1.13) along whatever path is most convenient. Yet another general approach is to solve Laplace’s equation, to which we return in Chapter 3. Finally we pause to note a few details concerning units. We now wish to introduce the presence of materials. At the microscopic level, all materials are discrete, consisting of atoms and molecules (or electrons and ions in plasma, carriers in semiconducting lattice, etc.). Furthermore, these discrete elements have thermal motions associated with the temperature of the sample. To make progress we must adopt a statistical point of view, taking space-time averages over the discreteness, in order to achieve a macroscopic continuum description. Imagine a long thin tube filled with gas, heated at one end and cooled at the other. What is the temperature distribution as a function of position along the tube. If we imagine the gas in the tube to be sliced up so thinly that only one atom is in the slice, we can’t infer a temperature from a sample of one atom because temperature is fundamentally a statistical concept. We need a slice containing enough atoms to display the Maxwellian distribution of speeds characteristic of the local temperature. Nevertheless, these fat slices can be small enough relative to the length of the tube that we have little trouble thinking of the temperature as a continuous, smooth property along the tube. Or consider standing on a mountain top in a hurricane. The wind is a strong function of position and time. In these examples temperature and wind velocity are macroscopic quantities, the analogs of the macroscopic description of electrified materials that we now seek to develop.

is distributed as a charge-per-unit-area that is numerically equal to the magnitude of the polarization. In Fig. 1-3 the averaging cube is aligned with the local direction of P. But in general the physical surface of the dielectric will not lie perpendicular to P. In this case it is not hard to see (Problem 1-11) that the charge-per-unit-area on the physical surface is reduced by the cosine of the angle between the surface normal and P. Thus, generalizing Eq. (1.25), s for surface and volume charge densities, respectively, and n is the outward unit vector normal to the physical surface. The surface charge, Eq. (1.34), is usually more important than the volume charge, Eq. (1.35), and is the only bound-charge effect for simple materials (except in the uncommon situation that free charge is distributed within the dielectric). Applications of polarized materials are considered in Problems 1-12 through 1-15. 1.4 THE LAWS OF BIOT-SAVART AND AMPERE The experimental basis of the fundamental laws of magnetic interactions of currents is notoriously complicated, both conceptually and historically. The qualitative fact that currents produce magnetic fields was discovered by Oersted in 1820. The geometry is shown in Fig. 1-5; the unit vector e r points from the source FIGURE 1-5. Geometry of Biot-Savart law.In the latter the integration is over an arbitrary mathematical known as an Amperian loop (special case of a Stokesian loop ). The symbol I link stands for the algebraic sum of all currents linking the Amperian loop. The magnetic case is much more awkward (see, for instance, Problem 1-16). The reason is that the elementary magnetic source (an oriented current element) is a vector quantity, while the elementary electric source (charge) is a scalar. The vectorialness puts cross-products in the formulas and confounds the symmetry arguments that permit the integral Gauss’ law to be so useful. We shall note in Section 4.

3 that this result is valid only for steady-state conditions and requires modification in the event that the currents vary with time. FIGURE 1-6. Geometry of Stokes’ theorem applied to Ampere’s law. In the more general notation defined in Fig. 1-1, the source element dl is located by the radius vector r.But there are striking differences. The scalar potential is unique except for an additive constant—that is, only differences in. Adding the gradient of an arbitrary scalar function of position to A will not change B in Eq. (1.47) because curl grad is a null operator. Furthermore, defining a vector function in terms of its curl, Eq. (1.47), is incomplete without also prescribing the divergence of A. We return to this point in Chapter 4 when we discuss the gauge of the potentials. Curiously, there is no line-integral rule, analogous to Eq. (1.13), by which A can be computed from a given B field (and see Problem 1-23). In an ideal situation, the lines of B are closed curves, in contrast to the lines of E, which must originate and terminate on charges. In a real situation, however, the lines of B are in general not closed, even though they have no end and no beginning. For example, consider a current flowing in a ring-shaped conductor. If the ring is ideal (perfectly homogeneous and of uniform cross section), then the magnetic field lines will be closed loops encircling the ring. For instance, which can be compared with Eqs. (1.36) and (1.46). We have included ( q u ) in the catalog, representing a point charge moving with velocity u, but with an important restriction. The three differential quantities, when integrated, are consistent with our assumption of steady currents, producing a B field independent of time. A moving point charge necessarily violates this assumption, and therefore the equivalence is an approximation valid only for small velocities and accelerations ( quasistatic conditions ).

This linkage will hold up in Chapter 4 where we consider the explicit time-derivatives of Faraday and Maxwell induction. The term Lorentz force is often used for the magnetic portion alone, Eq. (1.52). The current flowing in a circuit is a macroscopic concept because we wish to suppress the granular, statistical complications of the discrete conduction electrons. Problem 1-27 shows that the force on a (vector) element dl of a circuit carrying a current I in the presence of a magnetic field is given by the integral of which gives the net (vector) force on the complete loop around which the current flows. Following the view of Ampere, we regard current rather than magnetism to be the fundamental quantity. Thus an elementary picture would have the orbital motion of the electrons within atoms and molecules as providing the currents that give rise to magnetism. Every atom or molecule is then a tiny magnetic dipole, and the material is said to be magnetized if there is some net alignment of these dipoles. In detail such a simple description is inadequate, but it is qualitatively correct, and because we shall not inquire into the atomic theory of magnetism, it will be sufficient for our purposes. Microscopic Description (1) Atoms or molecules with no intrinsic magnetic dipole moment are distorted by the applied magnetic field to acquire an induced dipole moment, which typically is aligned antiparallel with the applied field. (2) Atoms or molecules with an intrinsic dipole moment are preferentially oriented parallel with the applied field, as shown schematically in Fig. 1-8. In most cases, in the absence of the applied field, thermal agitation randomizes the orientation, and there is no net alignment along a preferred direction. For certain materials, however, a remarkable quantum-mechanical phenomenon can cause the intrinsic moments to self-align over regions of the material called domains. FIGURE 1-8. Molecular dipoles aligned by magnetic field.

Classical models, approximate in any case, are less satisfactory in describing the magnetic behavior of microscopic (atomic) systems than for their electric behavior. We shall not attempt further description here, except to note that the first case of no intrinsic moment is expressed in quantum-mechanical language by saying that the system is effectively in a ? S -state. In contrast to the electric case, the two microscopic processes are distinguishable by the fact that the moments align in opposite directions. The first process is known as diamagnetism, the normal second process as paramagnetism, and the self-aligned case as ferromagnetism. All You've reached the end of this preview. Sign up to read more. Start your free trial Page 1 of 1 Reviews Loading Footer Menu Back To Top About About Scribd Press Our blog Join our team. Groups Discussions Quotes Ask the Author To see what your friends thought of this book,This book is not yet featured on Listopia.There are no discussion topics on this book yet. However, due to transit disruptions in some geographies, deliveries may be delayed.There’s no activationEasily readThis book aims to provide a modern and practically sophisticated mathematical treatment of classical electrodynamics at the undergraduate level. This text then presents a detailed discussion of Laplace's equation and a treatment of multiple effects, since such material is of considerable significance in the development of radiation theory. Other chapters consider the electromagnetic field equations, which are developed in the time-dependent form. This book discusses as well the subjects of wave propagation in space as well as in material media. The final chapter presents an introduction to relativistic electrodynamics. We value your input. Share your review so everyone else can enjoy it too.Your review was sent successfully and is now waiting for our team to publish it.

Reviews (1) write a review Sort: Select Newest Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Votes Least Votes Updating Results If you wish to place a tax exempt orderTo decline or learn more, visit our Cookies page. Thanks in advance for your time. For all ages and levels. Beautifully illustrated, low-priced Dover coloring on an amazing variety of subjects.The authors present a very accessible macroscopic view of classical electromagnetics that emphasizes integrating electromagnetic theory with physical optics. The survey follows the historical development of physics, culminating in the use of four-vector relativity to fully integrate electricity with magnetism. Starting with a brief review of static electricity and magnetism, the treatment advances to examinations of multipole fields, the equations of Laplace and Poisson, dynamic electromagnetism, electromagnetic waves, reflection and refraction, and waveguides. Subsequent chapters explore retarded potentials and fields and radiation by charged particles; antennas; classical electron theory; interference and coherence; scalar diffraction theory and the Fraunhofer limit; Fresnel diffraction and the transition to geometrical optics; and relativistic electrodynamics. A basic knowledge of vector calculus and Fourier analysis is assumed, and several helpful appendices supplement the text. An extensive Solutions Manual is also available. Reprint of the Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 1995 edition. A solutions manual to accompany this text is available for free download. Click here to download PDF version now. Get started with a FREE account. Originally published in 1941, it has been used by many.It's target readership is any.Physics Electromagnetic Field Theory.Get books you want. To add our e-mail address ( ), visit the Personal Document Settings under Preferences tab on Amazon. The inner one, of radius a, is defined as potential zero, and the outer one, of radius b, is held at potential ? 0.